System and method for performing online competitive bidding

ABSTRACT

One embodiment is directed to an online competitive bidding system and method for performing online competitive bidding. One or more financial proposal pages are transmitted from a server to a bidder client device, which are operable to cause said bidder client device to display on a display device associated with said bidder client device a bidder user interface for the online competitive bidding system. The bidder user interface is configured to cause said bidder client device to receive information for a set of line items for a financial proposal. Each line item is associated with a resource, a standard billing rate, a time estimate, a billing method entity, and a cost estimate. The bidder user interface causes said bidder client device to display the updated cost estimate for each line item associated with a billing method entity when there is a change to an associated attribute.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/234,512, filed Sep. 16, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/383,573, filed Sep. 16, 2010,all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Corporations and other entities typically are sophisticated consumers oflegal services. Such entities frequently use request-for-proposal (RFP)processes to obtain legal services. These processes generally aremanaged manually. Typically the customer will send out a set ofinstructions to service providers. The set of instructions indicate howthe service providers should respond to the RFP. A service provider canthen submit written responses to the RFP that include information on howthe service provider would perform the requested work and the rates itwould charge for such work. The customer then typically compares thesubmitted proposals manually. This manual process of submission andcomparison suffers from a number of inefficiencies. For example, legalservice providers who submit proposals in response to an RFP may notformat their proposals or otherwise provide the fee proposal and otherinformation in the manner the customer might expect. In turn, if serviceproviders do not provide information in a consistent format, thecomparison of the submitted proposals is not easily facilitated. Theentities that conduct these RFP processes often then spend significanttime following-up with the legal service providers to obtain correctinformation and/or to translate manually the provided information fromthe proposals into a consistent format.

Further, because proposals are submitted separately, calculatingdetailed comparisons of various metrics between the fee data that issubmitted can be cumbersome and time consuming. In addition, theretypically is no efficient and centralized means to provide writtenanswers to questions service providers may have about an RFP. Instead,such questions typically are communicated to the customer on an ad hocbasis. For each such question, the customer will have to decide whetherthe answer to the question should be communicated to only the serviceprovider asking the question or to all of the service providers and thenindividually provide the answer to each such service provider.

Moreover, it is often the case that receiving proposals that aresubmitted in response to an RFP is only the first step in the RFPprocess. After receiving the proposals from the legal service providers,many customers for legal services go back to one or more of the legalservice providers in order to let them know how one or more aspects oftheir respective proposals compared against other proposals. This isdone in an effort to elicit a more competitive proposal from thatprovider. Typically, however, the service provider does not have anydirect means to see how key metrics of its proposal compare againstcorresponding key metrics of competing proposals. The service provider,therefore, is only prompted to update its proposal based upon thelimited information that is typically provided to the service providerby the customer. Because the service providers likely only have limitedinformation about changes their competitors are willing to make to theirproposals, each service provider often has limited reason to update itsproposal.

Manually managing such an RFP process is typically time consuming.Although there are automated tools for managing an RFP process, suchtools typically are not well-adapted for use by corporations and otherentities in connection with complex and/or sophisticated legal projects.For example, such RFP tools typically assume that all potential biddersare essentially the same and typically are configured to award theproject to the bidder that has proposed the lowest price. Such asimplistic decision calculus often is not appropriate for complex andsophisticated legal projects.

SUMMARY

One exemplary embodiment is directed to a method (and correspondingsystem) for managing a request-for-proposal (RFP). The method comprisesreceiving, at a website, information about the RFP from a customer forthe RFP and receiving, at the website, proposals responsive to the RFPfrom a set of bidders. If requested by the customer, disclosing to eachof the bidders a detailed comparative metric relating to the proposalfor each of the other bidders. The detailed comparative metric comprisesa comparative metric other than a total project cost for the respectiveproposal.

Another exemplary embodiment is directed to a method (and correspondingsystem) for receiving, at a website from a bidder, a project proposalfor a request-for-proposal (RFP). The method comprises displaying, viathe website, a financial proposal page by which the bidder is able toenter information for a set of line items for a financial proposal forthe project proposal. Each line item is associated with a resource, astandard billing rate, a time estimate, a billing method entity, and acost estimate. Each billing method entity is associated with a billingmethod that is used for calculating the respective cost estimate foreach line item associated with that billing method entity. The websiteis configured to enable the bidder to specify multiple billing methodentities for the financial proposal using the financial proposal page.The method further comprises receiving, from the bidder at the financialproposal page of the website, the information for the set of line itemsfor the financial proposal. The method further comprises receiving, fromthe bidder at the financial proposal page of the website, a change to anattribute associated with a first billing method entity specified for atleast one of the line items. The method further comprises, afterreceiving the change to the attribute, updating the financial proposalpage so that the cost estimate for each line item associated with thefirst billing method entity is automatically updated to reflect thechange to the attribute.

Another exemplary embodiment is directed to a method (and correspondingsystem) for managing a proposal process for a request-for-proposal(RFP). The method comprising receiving, at a website, current proposalsresponsive to the RFP from a set of bidders and receiving, at thewebsite, updates to the current proposals provided by the bidders. Themethod further comprises displaying, via the website, a page via whichthe customer is able to selectively cause the website to: disclose toeach of the bidders a comparative metric relating to the currentproposal for each of the other bidders during one or more portions ofthe proposal process, and not disclose to each of the bidders thecomparative metric relating to the current proposal for each of theother bidders during one or more other portions of the proposal process.

The details of various embodiments of the claimed invention are setforth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Otherfeatures and advantages will become apparent from the description, thedrawings, and the claims.

DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system formanaging a request-for-proposal process.

FIGS. 2A-2B are flow diagrams of one exemplary embodiment a method ofmanaging a request-for-proposal.

FIGS. 3A-3Q illustrate one example of the operation of prompting acustomer for, and receiving therefrom, RFP information using the systemof FIG. 1.

FIGS. 4A-4O illustrate one example of prompting a bidder for, andreceiving therefrom, proposal information using the system of FIG. 1.

Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicatelike elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system 100 formanaging a request-for-proposal (RFP) process. The exemplary embodimentof the system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is described here as being configuredto manage an RFP for legal services, though the system 100 can be usedfor other types of RFPs relating to the provision of services(especially professional services) and is not intended to be limited toonly legal services.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a server computer 102 isconfigured to host a website 104 that is used to manage the RFP process.This website 104 is also referred to here as the “RFP website” 104. Inthe example shown in FIG. 1, a single server computer 102 is shown forease of illustration, though it is to be understood that the RFP website104 can be hosted by multiple server computers 102 using conventionalweb-site hosting techniques. For example, where multiple servercomputers 102 are used, all of the server computers 102 can beconfigured to execute the same functions or can be configured to executedifferent functions.

Client devices 106 and 108 access the website 104 hosted by the servercomputer 102 over a suitable communication network 110 (such as theInternet or a virtual private network (VPN) implemented on top of apublic network such as the Internet).

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the server computer 102comprises one or more programmable processors 112 for executing software114. The software 114 comprises program instructions that are stored (orotherwise embodied) on or in an appropriate non-transitory storagemedium or media 116 (such as flash or other non-volatile memory,magnetic disc drives, and/or optical disc drives). At least a portion ofthe program instructions are read from the storage medium 116 by theprogrammable processor 112 for execution thereby. The storage medium 116on or in which the program instructions are embodied is also referred tohere as a “program product.” Although the storage media 116 is shown inFIG. 1 as being included in, and local to, the respective servercomputer 102, it is to be understood that remote storage media (forexample, storage media that is accessible over the network 110) and/orremovable media can also be used. Each server computer 102 also includesmemory 118 for storing the program instructions (and any related data)during execution by the programmable processor 112. Memory 118comprises, in one implementation, any suitable form of random accessmemory (RAM) now known or later developed, such as dynamic random accessmemory (DRAM). In other embodiments, other types of memory are used.

The server computer 102 also includes an appropriate network interface120 to communicatively couple the server computer 102 (and thecomponents thereof) to the communication network 110.

The various components of the server computer 102 are communicativelycoupled to one another as needed using appropriate interfaces andinterconnects, for example, buses, ports, and the like.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the software 114 executedby the server computer 102 comprises an operating system 122 to controlthe operation of the other software 114, website content, scripts,and/or programs 124 that implement the RFP website 104, a web server 126that delivers the RFP website content, scripts, and/or programs 124 tothe client devices 106 and 108 that access the RFP website 104, and adatabase manager (DBM) 160 that manages a database 162.

As used herein, a “customer” 128 refers to the entity or person that iscreating a particular RFP. A customer 128 uses a client device 106 (suchas a computer, smartphone, tablet device (such as an iPad tablet) orpersonal digital assistant (PDA) device) executing a web browser (or a“web app”) 130 to access and interact with the RFP website 104. As usedherein, a “bidder” 132 refers to an entity or person that has beeninvited by the customer 128 to submit a proposal in response to an RFP.Each bidder 132 uses a respective client device 108 (such as a computer,smartphone, tablet device (such as an iPad tablet) or personal digitalassistant (PDA) device) executing a web browser (or a web app) 134 toaccess and interact with the RFP website 104.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the database 162 is alsostored on the storage medium 116. Again, as noted above, although thestorage media 116 is shown in FIG. 1 as being included in, and local to,the respective server computer 102, it is to be understood that remotestorage media (for example, storage media that is accessible over thenetwork 110) and/or removable media can also be used. Also, the database162 need not be entirely stored on the same storage medium 116 as thesoftware 114.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the database 162 comprisesa centralized database in which customer account information 136, bidderaccount information 138, and project information 140 is stored for useby the RFP website 104. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, theproject information 140 includes, for each project that a customer 128has created, information 142 about the RFP the customer 128 has preparedfor that project (also referred to here as “RFP information” 142) andinformation about any proposals that have been submitted in response tothat RFP (also referred to here as “proposal information” 144 or“proposals” 144).

As described in more detail below, the RFP information 142 for eachproject includes work scope information 145 that specifies the scope andstructure of the work to be performed and staffing information 146 thatdescribes the customer's expectations regarding how the project will bestaffed and, possibly, a roster of preferred staff members. The RFPinformation 142 for each project also includes question information 147(also referred to here simply as “questions” 147) that specifiesquestions that the customer 128 would like each bidder 138 to answer inthat bidder's proposal 144 and bid parameter information 148 thatspecifies various parameters related to the project. The RFP information142 for each project further includes bidder information 149 thatspecifies information about the set of bidders 132 the customer 128wishes to invite to bid on the project and comparative metricinformation 150 that specifies comparative metrics that will bedisplayed in summary form (for example, in a “dashboard”) for thecustomer 128 to view and for the bidders 132 to view. As used herein,“comparative metric” refers to a quantifiable component of a proposaland “detailed comparative metric” refers to a comparative metric otherthan total project cost.

The RFP information 142 described above is used by the RFP website 104to generate a RFP document 141. In this exemplary embodiment, the RFPdocument 141 is formatted by the RFP website 104 to present the RFPinformation 142 in a detailed, human-readable form. For example, in oneimplementation of this exemplary embodiment, the RFP document 141 isgenerated as a Portable Document Format (PDF) document (though the RFPdocument 141 can be generated in other document formats).

As described in more detail below, each proposal 144 that is submittedby a bidder 132 for a given project includes staffing information 152that specifies information about the people that the bidder 132 isproposing to have work on the project. Each proposal 144 also includes afinancial proposal 154. Each financial proposal 154 is created by havingthe bidder 132 populate a financial proposal page (described below) thatis displayed via the website 104. Each bidder 132 populates thefinancial proposal page with appropriate information about the financialaspects of that bidder's proposal 144. Each proposal 144 also includesresponses 156 to any questions 147 that the customer 128 has asked eachbidder 132 to answer.

The proposal information 144 described above is used by the RFP website104 to generate a proposal document 143. In this exemplary embodiment,the proposal document 143 is formatted by the RFP website 104 to presentthe proposal information 144 in a detailed, human-readable form. Forexample, in one implementation of this exemplary embodiment, theproposal document 143 is generated as a PDF document (though theproposal document 143 can be generated in other document formats).

In general, the RFP website 104 is used by a customer 128 to manage anRFP process for a project. In the particular exemplary embodimentdescribed here in connection with FIGS. 2-4, each RFP process typicallyincludes at least two bidding rounds (although it is possible for thecustomer 128 to elect to conduct a RFP process with a single biddinground). Each round has a respective deadline (specified by the customer128 in the bid parameter information 148). In the first round of the RFPprocess (also referred to herein as the “initial round”), each of thebidders 132 has the opportunity to submit an initial proposal 144 forthe project until the deadline for the initial round has passed. Then,after the initial round deadline has passed, one (and potentiallythereafter more) competitive bidding rounds of the RFP process begins.

If requested by the customer 128, the bidders 132 are permitted to viewselected comparative metrics relating to the other bidders' proposals144 during at least a portion of the RFP process. Typically, when one ormore competitive bidding rounds are used in the RFP process, thecustomer 128 will permit the bidders 132 to view selected comparativemetrics relating to other bidders' proposals 144 after the initial roundis over. However, the customer 128 may wish to not permit the bidders132 to view selected comparative metrics relating to other bidders'proposals 144 at some point in the RFP process. For example, thecustomer 128 may wish to not permit the bidders 132 to view the selectedcomparative metrics for the other bidders' final proposals 144 forrelationship management purposes. For instance, the customer 128 mayultimately decide not to select the proposal having the lowest totalproject cost and may wish to avoid having to justify the customer'sdecision to those bidders 132 that submitted proposals 144 having lowertotal project costs than the selected proposal 144. Also, the customer128 may believe that not permitting the bidders 132 to view the selectedcomparative metrics for the other bidders' proposals 144 in the finalbidding round may result in the bidders 132 providing more competitiveproposals 144.

The selected comparative metrics relating to the other bidders'proposals 144 can include both the total project cost as well asdetailed comparative metrics relating to the other bidders' proposals144. Also, in each competitive bidding round, each of the bidders 132 isallowed to update its respective proposal 144 until the deadline forthat competitive bidding round has passed. For example, after viewingcomparative metrics relating to the other bidders' 132 proposals 144, abidder 132 can update its proposal 144. However, the other bidders 132would also have a chance to view updated comparative metrics relating tothat bidder's updated proposal 134 and update their own proposals 144.That is, the bidders 132 have a chance to repeatedly update theirproposals 144 during one or more competitive bidding rounds in whichthey can view comparative metrics for the other bidders' proposals 144.

Moreover, the customer 128 may decide after the initial round or one ofthe competitive bidding rounds is over that one or more of the bidders132 will not be permitted to continue to participate in the RFP process.

When the final bidding round is over, the customer 128 is free to selectany or none of the submitted proposals 144.

FIGS. 2A-2B are flow diagrams of one exemplary embodiment a method 200of managing a request-for-proposal (RFP). The exemplary embodiment ofmethod 200 is described here as being implemented in the system 100 ofFIG. 1 (though other embodiments can be implemented in other ways). Inthis exemplary embodiment, the processing associated with method 200 isimplemented by the RFP website 104 and the various web browsers or webapps 130 and 134 used by the customer 128 and bidders 132 to interactwith the RFP website 104.

When a customer 128 wishes to use the RFP website 104 to manage an RFPprocess for a particular project, the customer 128 accesses the RFPwebsite 104. The first time a particular customer 128 uses the RFPwebsite 104 to manage an RFP, the customer 128 must establish an accountwith the RFP website 104 (which involves the customer 128 providinginformation such as an email address or other username and a password tolog on to the RFP website 104 and information about the customer (forexample, company name, address, etc.) and, in some implementations,payment information (for example, a credit card number to charge or anaddress to send an invoice to)). Thereafter, the customer 128 logs ontothe RFP website 104 using the username and password that was establishedfor that customer 128 (block 202 of FIG. 2A).

After logging onto the RFP website 104, the customer 128 clicks orotherwise actuates a user interface element displayed by the RFP website104 (for example, a link, button, or menu item) that is associated withcreating a new project (block 204). In response to this happening, theRFP website 104 creates the new project and prompts the customer 128for, and receives therefrom, RFP information 142 for the project thatwill be the subject of the RFP (block 206). As described in more detailbelow in connection with FIGS. 3A-3Q, the RFP website 104 guides thecustomer 128 through entering work scope information 145, staffinginformation 146, questions 147, bid parameter information 148, bidderinformation 149, and comparative metric information 150 for the RFP.

Once the customer 128 has entered the RFP information 142 for theproject, the RFP website 104 generates a draft version of the RFPdocument 141 for that project (block 208). The RFP website 104 isconfigured to enable the customer 128 to review the RFP document 141 andthen use the RFP website 104 to change the RFP information 142 andgenerate an updated version of the RFP document 141 (block 210). Thecustomer 128 is able to repeat these steps until the customer 128 issatisfied with the RFP document 141 and the RFP information 142.

When the customer 128 has finished reviewing the RFP document 141 andrevising the RFP information 142 for the project, the customer 128 usesthe RFP website 104 to start or “launch” the RFP process (block 212).More specifically, the customer 128 clicks or otherwise actuates a userinterface element displayed by the RFP website 104 (for example, a link,button, or menu item) that is associated with launching the RFP processfor that project.

After the customer 128 has launched the RFP process, the RFP website 104invites the identified bidders 132 to submit proposals 144 in responseto the RFP for this project (block 214). In one implementation, acontact person for each bidder 132 is sent an email inviting that bidder132 to submit a proposal for the project. The bidders 132 can be invitedin other ways (for example, by Short Message Service (SMS) text message,fax, mail, and/or telephone). The invitation sent to each bidder 132explains that the bidder 132 is being invited to submit a proposal forthe customer's project and instructions for accessing the RFP website104 and the RFP.

When a bidder 132 wishes to enter a proposal for that project inresponse to the RFP, that bidder 132 can access the RFP website 104 toview information about the project and the RFP (for example, by clickingon a link included in the invitation email). The first time a particularbidder 132 uses the RFP website 104, the bidder 132 must establish anaccount with the RFP website 104 (which involves the bidder 132providing an email address or other username and a password to log on tothe RFP website 104 and information about the bidder 132 (for example,firm name, address, etc.)). Thereafter, the bidder 132 logs onto the RFPwebsite 104 using the username and password that was established forthat bidder 132 (block 216).

After logging onto the RFP website 104, the bidder 132 clicks orotherwise actuates a user interface element displayed by the RFP website104 (for example, a link, button, or menu item) that is associated withpreparing a proposal for the project (block 218). For example, in oneimplementation, after a bidder 132 logs onto the RFP website 104, thebidder 132 is presented with a list of projects for which that bidder132 has been invited to submit proposals 144 (including any currentproposals 144 for RFPs that have not expired and any past proposals 144for RFPs that have expired). The bidder 132 can then select the projectidentified in the invitation.

Then, the RFP website 104 prompts the bidder 132 for, and receivestherefrom, proposal information 144 about the project identified in theinvitation (block 220). As described in more detail below in connectionwith FIGS. 4A-4O, in this exemplary embodiment, the RFP website 104displays appropriate pages to prompt the user for, and receive from theuser, information about the people the bidder is proposing to staff theproject with (that is, the staffing information 152 for that bidder'sproposal 144). Also, in this exemplary embodiment, the RFP website 104displays appropriate pages to prompt the user for, and receive from theuser, the bidder's financial proposal 154 for the project and thebidder's responses 156 to the customer's questions 147 for the project.

Once the bidder 132 has entered its proposal information 144 for theproject, the RFP website 104 generates a draft version of the proposaldocument 143 for that project from the bidder's proposal information 144(block 222). The RFP website 104 is configured to enable the bidder 132to review the draft version of its proposal document 143 and to use theRFP website 104 to change its proposal information 144 (block 224).Also, in some implementations, the particular set of comparative metricsthat the customer 128 has selected for its viewing and/or for theviewing of the other bidders 132 is also generated from the bidder's 132current proposal information 144 and displayed for the bidder 132 toreview the selected comparative metrics in the same summary or dashboardview that the customer 128 and/or the other bidders' 132 will view themin.

When the bidder 132 has finished reviewing its proposal document 143(and, in some implementations, any selected comparative metrics) andrevising its proposal information 144 for the project, the bidder 132uses the RFP website 104 to submit its proposal 144 to the customer 128for the current bidding round. More specifically, the bidder 132 clicksor otherwise actuates a user interface element displayed by the RFPwebsite 104 (for example, a link, button, or menu item) that isassociated with submitting the proposal 144 for the current biddinground.

Also, in this exemplary embodiment, the RFP website 104 provides amechanism by which a bidder 132 is able to submit to the customer 128any questions that the bidder 132 may have concerning the project or theRFP (block 226). The customer 128 can access the RFP website 104 inorder to respond to any questions that have been submitted by thebidders 132, and the RFP website 104 communicates the response to one ormore of the bidders 132 (block 228). For each response, the customer 128is able to select whether the response should be sent to only the bidder132 that asked the question or to all of the bidders 132. In oneimplementation, the bidder 132 is able to submit, and the customer 132is able to respond to, questions during each round of the RFP process.

Also, in this exemplary embodiment, after launching the RFP process, thecustomer 128 is able to access the RFP website 104 to update at leastsome of the RFP information 142 for that project (block 230). When thecustomer 128 updates the RFP information 142, the RFP website 104 thennotifies the bidders 132 of the updates to the RFP information 142(block 232). The bidders 132 are permitted to access the RFP website 104and update their proposals 144 in response to any updates to the RFPinformation 142 made by the customer 128.

In one implementation of this exemplary embodiment, the customer 128 isable to update only certain RFP information 142 once the RFP process hasbeen launched. In such an implementation, the information that thecustomer 128 can edit includes, for example, bid parameters 148 such asthe deadlines for one or more bidding rounds that have not beencompleted. In another implementation, the customer 128 is able to updateall of RFP information 142 after the RFP process has been launched;however, changing certain RFP information 142 after the RFP process hasbeen launched (for example, changing the work scope information 145 orthe staffing information 146) may require the bidders 132 tosignificantly update their proposals 144 and the customer 128 may needto update the bid parameters 148 to extend the deadlines for some of thebidding rounds of the RFP process to give the bidders 132 more time torevise their proposals 144 to reflect the changes to the RFP information142.

After the deadline for the initial round has passed, if selected by thecustomer 128 the RFP process enters the first of one or more competitivebidding rounds. During each competitive bidding round of the RFPprocess, the customer 128 is able to use the RFP website 104 to view theproposals 144 submitted by the bidders 132 (block 234). The RFP website104 is configured to present the customer 128 information about thesubmitted proposals 144 in both a summary form (that is, by presenting atable that shows the total project coast as well any detailedcomparative metrics that were selected by the customer 128) and indetail (that is, by permitting the customer 128 to view the proposaldocument 143 submitted by each bidder 132).

Also, in each competitive bidding round of the RFP process, if requestedby the customer 128, all of the bidders 132 are permitted to use the RFPwebsite 104 to view selected comparative metrics relating to the otherbidders' proposals 144 (block 236). Such selected comparative metricsrelating to the other bidders' proposals 144 can include both the totalproject cost as well as detailed comparative metrics relating to theother bidders' proposals 144. Each of the bidders 132 is allowed to usethe RFP website 104 to update its proposal 144 until the deadline forthe current competitive bidding round has passed (block 238).

For example, after viewing comparative metrics relating to the otherbidders' proposals 144, a bidder 132 can use the RFP website 104 toupdate its proposal information 144, generate and review an updatedproposal document 143, and further revise its proposal information 144as described above in connection with blocks 222-224. As describedabove, when the bidder 132 has finished reviewing its proposal document143 and revising its proposal information 144, the bidder 132 uses theRFP website 104 to submit its updated proposal 144 to the customer 128.After a bidder 132 submits its updated proposal 144, the RFP website 104updates the comparative metrics for that bidder's updated proposal 144to reflect the updates. The other bidders 132 would then have a chanceto view the updated comparative metrics relating to the bidder's updatedproposal 144 and update their own proposals 144. That is, the bidders132 have a chance to repeatedly update their proposals 144 in responseto viewing comparative metrics for the other bidders' initial andupdated proposals 144.

As noted above, during each round of the RFP process, the bidders 132can use the RFP website 104 to submit questions to the customer 128, andthe customer 128 can use the RFP website 104 to respond to the submittedquestions as described above in connection with blocks 226 and 228.Also, during each round of the RFP process, the customer 128 can use theRFP website 104 to update at least some of the RFP information 142 forthe project, and the RFP website 104 notifies the bidders 132 of theupdated RFP information 142 as described above in connection with block230 and 232. When the deadline for the final round has passed, thecustomer 128 is free to select any or none of the submitted proposals144 (block 240).

In the particular exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, fortracking purposes, the customer 128 can access the RFP website 104 andindicate to the RFP website 104 which, if any, of the proposals 144 hasbeen selected by the customer 128 (block 242). By indicating which ofthe proposals 144 has been selected, the RFP website 104 will be abletrack information regarding successful and unsuccessful proposals 144.

In the particular exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, the RFPwebsite 104 is configured to aggregate information about completed RFPsmanaged by the RFP website 104 (block 244). This information can be usedto capture information about successful and unsuccessful proposals 144as well as information about the related projects for which theproposals 144 were submitted. Such aggregation can happen across all theprojects of a single customer 128 or bidder 132 or across other groups.Such aggregation can occur across larger groups that relate to thecustomer 128 or bidder 132 (such as aggregating across an entirecorporation where the customer 128 or bidder 132 represents a singledivision of a large company or across an industry in which the customer128 or bidder 132 competes) and/or across larger groups that relate tothe project 128 (such as aggregating across all projects of a particulartype). Also, such aggregation can occur across all the RFPs managed bythe RFP website 104. This aggregated data can be used for many purposes(for example, the sale of such data to customers 128, bidders 132,advertisers, etc.)

In others embodiments of method 200, the processing associated with oneor more of the blocks described above in connection with the FIG. 2 isnot performed (for example, the processing associated with one or moreof blocks 226-228, block 242, and block 244).

FIGS. 3A-3Q illustrate the operation of one exemplary embodiment of theRFP website 104 in connection with prompting a customer for, andreceiving therefrom, RFP information 142. That is, FIGS. 3A-3Qillustrate one exemplary implementation of the processing describedabove in connection with block 206 of FIG. 2A. As such, the exampleshown in FIGS. 3A-3Q is described here as being implemented in thesystem 100 of FIG. 1 for use in method 200 of FIGS. 2A-2B (though otherembodiments can be implemented in other ways).

In this example, when the customer 128 logs onto the RFP website 104 andclicks or otherwise actuates a user interface element that is associatedwith creating a new project, the RFP website 104 presents a page 302(shown in FIG. 3A) that displays a text field 304 in which the customer128 is able to enter a name for the new project (as shown in FIG. 3A).This page is also referred to here as the “project name” page 302. Inthis example, the project name page 302 includes a set of radio buttons306 that the customer 128 can use to create the new project as “blankproject” or create the new project by copying RFP information 142entered for a prior project. The project name page 302 also displays adrop-down list 308 that the customer 128 can use to specify the priorproject for copying. In the case where the customer 128 chooses to copyRFP information 142 entered for a prior project, the RFP information 142entered for the prior project is used to populate the various pagesdescribed below as default values, which the user can then edit asneeded to reflect the needs of the new project. In some situations,doing this can make it easier to enter the RFP information 142 for thenew project.

The project name page 306 also displays “Save & Create Matter(s)” button310. When the customer 128 has entered a name for the new project andhas selected how the new project will be created, the customer 128 canclick button 310 in order to cause the RFP website 104 to save theproject name and proceed to creating one or more “matters” for the newproject.

In the example described here in connection with FIGS. 3A-3Q, the newproject is created using the blank project option and, as a result, thevarious pages are initially presented in a blank or default state.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is used to manage an RFP processfor a legal services project. Each project is organized as a set of oneor more matters that the customer 128 would like bid on as a group. Eachmatter can also include one or more phases.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 312(shown in FIGS. 3B-3E) that the customer 128 can use to enter work scopeinformation 145. This page 312 is also referred to here as the “workscope” page 312. When the work scope page 312 is first displayed in itsblank or default state, the page 312 includes one matter 314 (initiallylabeled “New Matter”). The work scope page 312 includes a set of buttons316. Each button 316 is associated with a different type of matter. Inthis example, there are three types of matters—a transaction mattertype, a dispute matter type, and a consulting matter type.

In this example, the customer 128 clicks on the button 316 for thetransaction matter type. Then, as shown in FIG. 3C, the work scope page312 is updated to display a selection list 318 that lists various typesof transaction matters. In this example, the customer 128 selects the“Merger/Acquisition/Divestiture” type. FIG. 3D shows the upper portionof the updated work scope page 312 at this point, and FIG. 3E shows thelower portion of the updated work scope page 312 at this point.

As shown in FIG. 3D, the upper portion of the work scope page 312 isupdated so that the “New Matter” matter 314 is replaced with a“Merger/Acquisition/Divestiture” matter 318. This“Merger/Acquisition/Divestiture” matter 318 is initially displayed witha default set of phases 320. The customer 128 is able to delete anindividual phase 320 or the matter 318 as a whole by clicking on a trashcan button (not shown) that is displayed whenever the customer 128hovers the pointer over the label for that phase 320 or matter 318.Also, as shown in FIG. 3D, the customer 128 can add another phase byclicking on the “Add another phase” button 322, in which case thecustomer 128 is prompted for a name for the new phase.

When the customer 128 clicks on the label associated with the“Merger/Acquisition/Divestiture” matter 318, the lower portion of thepage 312 (shown in FIG. 3E) is updated to instruct the customer 128 toprovide an overview for this matter 318. The page 312 is updated toinclude a text box 324 in which the customer 128 can enter textproviding the matter overview. The text box 324 has an associated “SaveChanges” button 326 that the customer 128 can click on in order to saveany changes made to the matter overview entered into the text box 324.The page 312 also includes an “Attach Document(s)” button 328 that thecustomer 128 can click on in order to attach one or more documents thatprovide the matter overview (or other information about the matter 318).

The customer 128 can enter an overview for each of the phases 320 in asimilar matter. That is, when the customer 128 clicks on the labelassociated with a phase 320, the lower portion of the work scope page312 is updated (not shown) to instruct the customer 128 to provide anoverview for this phase 320. The lower portion of the page work scope312 is also updated to include a text box, “Save Changes” button, and“Attach Document(s)” button like the ones shown in FIG. 3E, which thecustomer 128 can use to provide an overview for that phase 320.

As shown in FIG. 3D, the customer 128 can add another matter by clickingon an “Add Another Matter” button 330 displayed on the upper portion ofthe work scope page 312. The customer would then identify a type for thenew matter and enter an overview for the new matter and the phases ofthat new matter, as described above in connection with FIGS. 3C-3D.

As shown in FIG. 3E, the lower portion of the work scope page 312includes a “Save” button 332 that the customer 128 can click on in orderto save the work scope information that has been entered using the workscope page 312.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 334(shown in FIGS. 3F-3H) that the customer 128 can use to enter staffinginformation 146. This page 334 is also referred to here as the“staffing” page 334. FIG. 3F shows the upper portion of the staffingpage 334, and FIG. 3G shows the lower portion of the staffing page 334.

When the staffing page 334 is first displayed in its blank or defaultstate, the upper portion of the staffing page 334 includes a text box336 in which the customer 128 can enter an overview of the customer'sexpectations regarding the staffing of the project.

The customer 128 can also use the staffing page 334 to enter a roster ofpreferred staff members that the customer 128 would like to work on theproject. These staff member are also referred to here “staffingresources.” As shown in FIG. 3G, the lower portion of the staffing page334 includes a “Roster of Preferred Staff Members” section 338. Thissection 338 includes an “Add New Resource” button 340. The customer 128clicks on button 340 to add each of the preferred staff members thecustomer 128 would like to work on the project. Each time the userclicks on this button 340, the “Roster of Preferred Staff Members”section 338 of the staffing page 334 is updated to include a new section342 (shown in FIG. 3H) that the customer 128 can use to enterinformation about a particular staff member (that is, a staffingresource) the customer 128 would like to work on the project. In thisexample, each section 342 includes user interface controls for thecustomer 128 to specify a name for the associated staffing resource, anexperience level for the staffing resource, one or more jurisdictions inwhich the staffing resource is licensed, one or more areas of expertisefor the staffing resource, and one or more phases of the various mattersthat the customer 128 would like that staffing resource to work on.

In this example, entering a roster of preferred staff members isoptional.

In this example, as shown in FIGS. 3G and 3H, the lower portion of thestaffing page 334 also includes a “Save & Continue” button 344 that thecustomer 128 can click on when the customer 128 is done enteringstaffing information 146. Clicking on button 344 causes the RFP website104 to save in the database 162 the staffing information 146 thecustomer 128 has entered and causes the RFP website 104 to move on tothe entering of any questions 147 for the RFP.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 346(shown in FIGS. 3I-3J) that the customer 128 can use to enter anyquestions 147 the customer 128 would like the bidders 132 to respond toin their proposals 144. This page 346 is also referred to here as the“questions” page 346.

When the questions page 346 is first displayed in its blank or defaultstate (as shown in FIG. 3I), the questions page 346 includes an “Add NewQuestion” button 348 that the customer 128 can click on to add a newquestion. When the customer 128 clicks on the “Add New Question” button348, the RFP Website 104 updates the questions page 346 to display a newtext box 350 (shown in FIG. 3J) in which the customer 128 can enter aquestion. Prior to the customer 128 saving the new question entered in agiven text box 350, each text box 350 has an associated “Save” button352 that the customer 128 can click on to save the question the customer128 has entered and an associated “Cancel” button 354 that the customer128 can click on in order to cancel the entry of that question 147 (inwhich case the associated text box 350 is removed from the page 346).After the newly entered question has been saved, the questions page 346is updated so that the text box 350 is replaced with a text label (notshown) that displays the entered question. In this example, if thecustomer 128 hovers the pointer over this text label, the page 346displays an “Edit” button (not shown) that the customer 128 can click onin order to edit the question and a “Remove” button (not shown) that thecustomer 128 can click on in order to delete the question 147.

The questions page 346 also includes a “Save & Continue” button 356 thatthe customer 128 can click on when the customer 128 is done enteringquestions 147. Clicking on button 356 causes the RFP website 104 to savein the database 162 the questions 147 the customer 128 has entered andcauses the RFP website 104 to move on to the entering of bid parameterinformation 148 for the RFP.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 358(shown in FIGS. 3K-3M) that the customer 128 can use to enter bidparameter information 148 for the RFP. This page 358 is also referred tohere as the “bid parameters” page 358. FIG. 3K shows the upper portionof the bid parameters page 358, and FIG. 3L shows the lower portion ofthe bid parameters page 358.

When the bid parameters page 358 is first displayed in its blank ordefault state, the upper portion of the bid parameters page 358 includesa “Selection Criteria” text box 360 in which the customer 128 can enterinformation about the criteria the customer 128 will use to select thewinning bidder 132.

The upper portion of the bid parameters page 358 also includes a“Preferred Fee Method” text box 362 in which the customer 128 can enterinformation about any fee methods that the customer 128 prefers thebidders 132 to use and/or what fee-related factors are most important tothe customer 128.

In some embodiments, the customer 128 is also able to enter informationabout expenses relating the project (and/or any matter or phase includedas a part of the project). For example, the customer 128 can indicatewhat types of expenses it believes are likely to be incurred inconnection with the project and/or its expectations regarding expenses(including, for example, ranges of reasonable expenses, preferredthird-party vendors, and its policies, and/or preferences regarding thebilling or incurring of expenses).

As shown in FIG. 3L, the lower portion of the bid parameters page 358also includes a “Currency Issues” section 364 in which the customer 128can enter currency-related information. In this example, “CurrencyIssues” section 364 includes drop-down list 366 that the customer 128uses to select a primary currency that the customer 128 would likeproposals 132 to be presented in. The “Currency Issues” section 364 alsoincludes one or more “Currency Conversion Rate” sub-sections 367 inwhich the customer 128 can enter information about the conversion ratesthat bidders 132 should use in converting from other currencies to theprimary currency as they submit their financial proposals.

The lower portion of the bid parameters page 358 also includes a“Timeline Parameters” section 368 in which the customer 128 can specifyhow many bidding rounds there will be and a start date and time and anend date and time for each bidding round. The “Timeline Parameter”section 368 includes an “Add Bidding Round” button 370 that the customer128 can click on in order to add another bidding round to the project.When the customer clicks on the “Add Bidding Round” button 370, the bidparameters page 358 is updated to display a sub-section 372 (shown inFIG. 3M) for a new bidding round that the customer 128 can use to entera name, start date and time, and end date and time for that biddinground.

The lower portion of the bid parameters page 358 also includes an“Additional Parameters” text box 374 in which the customer 128 can enterany additional parameters that the customer 128 believes will help thebidders 132 submit a meaningful proposal 144 for the project.

The lower portion of the bid parameters page 358 also includes a “Save &Continue” button 376 that the customer 128 can click on when thecustomer 128 is done entering the bid parameter information 148 for theproject. Clicking on button 376 causes the RFP website 104 to save inthe database 162 the bid parameter information 148 the customer 128 hasentered and causes the RFP website 104 to move on to the entering ofbidder information 149 for the RFP.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 378that the customer 128 can use to enter bidder information 149 for theRFP. This page 378 is also referred to here as the “bidder” page 378.

As shown in FIG. 3N, the bidder page 378 includes an “Add Invitee”button 380 that the customer 128 can click on in order to add contactinformation for a service provider (bidder 132) that the customer 128would like to invite to submit a bid (proposal 144) for the RFP. Eachtime the customer 128 clicks on the “Add Invitee” button 380, the bidderpage 378 is updated to display a set of text fields 382 (shown in FIG.3O) in which the customer 128 can add the name of the service provider(“Firm Name”), a contact name for the service provider, and an emailaddress for that contact.

The bidder page 378 also includes an “invite message” text box 381 inwhich the customer 128 can enter a custom message that will be sent toall of the service providers identified on the bidder page 378 invitingthem to submit a proposal in response to the RFP.

The bidder page 378 also includes a “Save & Continue” button 383 thatthe customer 128 can click on when the customer 128 is done entering thebidder information 149. Clicking on button 383 causes the RFP website104 to save in the database 162 the bidder information 149 the customer128 has entered and causes the RFP website 104 to move on to theentering of comparative metric information 150 for the RFP.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 384(shown in FIG. 3P) that the customer 128 can use to specify whichcomparative metrics will be displayed in summary form (for example, in a“dashboard” view) for the customer 128 to view and for the bidders 132to view. This page 384 is also referred to here as the “comparativemetric” page 384.

The comparative metrics includes both total project cost as well asdetailed comparative metrics. As noted above, the detailed comparativemetrics described here include information about a bidder's proposal 144that go beyond merely the total proposed project cost and include moredetailed metrics about a bidder's proposal 144.

As shown in FIG. 3P, the comparative metric page 384 includes a list ofvarious items that can be displayed in summary form (for example, in adashboard view). The customer 128 can use the list to specify whichitems will be displayed in summary form for the customer 128 to view andseparately specify which items will displayed in summary form for thebidders 132 to view. The comparative metrics that the customer 128wishes to see can, and will likely, be different from the comparativemetrics that the customer 128 will permit the bidders 132 to be able tosee.

Included within this list are one or more detailed comparative metrics.Although a few detailed comparative metrics are shown in FIG. 3P, it isto be understood that other detailed comparative metrics can be used aswell. Examples of detailed comparative metrics suitable for use in alegal services project include, without limitation: estimated totalhours for the project or one or more matters or phases, estimated totalfees for the project or one or more matters or phases, blended rates forthe project or one or more matters or phases, estimated effectiveblended rate for the project or one or more matters or phases, estimatedstandard fees for the project or one or more matters or phases,estimated discounted fees plus estimated expenses for the project or oneor more matters or phases, hours by level of experience for the projector one or more matters or phases, and estimated discounted fees by levelof experience for the project or one or more matters or phases.

The comparative metric page 384 also includes a “Save & Continue” button386 that the customer 128 can click on when the customer 128 is doneentering the comparative metric information 150. Clicking on button 386causes the RFP website 104 to save in the database 162 the comparativemetric information 150 the customer 128 has entered and causes the RFPwebsite 104 to generate the RFP document 141 for the project and move onto a page where the customer 128 can review the RFP document 141.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 388(shown in FIG. 3Q) that the customer 128 can use to review the RFPdocument 141 that is generated for the project and to launch the RFPprocess for the project. This page 388 is also referred to here as the“review and launch” page 388.

As shown in FIG. 3Q the review and launch page 388 includes a button 390that the customer 128 can click on in order to display the RFP document141 that has been generated from the current RFP information 142 thecustomer 128 has entered and saved in the database 162. If afterreviewing the RFP document 141, the customer 128 wishes to change someof the RFP information 142, the customer 128 can return to theappropriate page and edit that RFP information 142. Then, the customer128 can save the updated RFP information 142 (for example, by clickingthe appropriate “Save & Continue” button), after which the RFP website104 will generate an updated RFP document 141 that reflects the updatedRFP information 142. The customer 128 can then return to the review andlaunch page 388 to review the updated RFP document 141 and further editany RFP information 142.

The various pages described here in connection with FIGS. 3A-3Q includea navigation section 392 that includes a respective tab for each of thepages described above in connection with FIGS. 3A-3Q. The customer 128can cause the RFP website 104 to display a particular page by clickingon the appropriate tab in the navigation section 392.

The review and launch page 388 also includes a “Launch Project” button394. When the customer 128 has finished reviewing the RFP document 141and revising the RFP information 142 for the project, the customer 128can click on the “Launch Project” button 394 to start or “launch” theRFP process for the project. As noted above in connection with FIGS.2A-2B, after the customer 128 has launched the RFP process, the RFPwebsite 104 invites the identified bidders 132 to submit proposals 144in response to the RFP for this project.

FIGS. 4A-4O illustrate the operation of one exemplary embodiment of theRFP website 104 in connection with prompting a bidder for, and receivingtherefrom, proposal information 144. That is, FIGS. 4A-4O illustrate oneexemplary implementation of the processing described above in connectionwith block 220 of FIG. 2A. As such, the example shown in FIGS. 4A-4O isdescribed here as being implemented in the system 100 of FIG. 1 for usein method 200 of FIGS. 2A-2B (though other embodiments can beimplemented in other ways).

After the bidder 132 has been invited to submit a proposal 144 inresponse to an RFP for a project, the bidder 132 can log on to the RFPwebsite 104. The RFP website 104 first presents the bidder 132 with apage 402 (shown in FIG. 4A) that displays a list of projects that thebidder 132 has been invited to bid on. This page 402 is also referred tohere as the “projects” page 402.

In this example, the invitation email sent to the bidder 132 includesthe name of the project that the bidder 132 has been invited to bid on.The bidder 132 can use this project name to identify that project in theproject list displayed on the projects page 402.

For those projects that the bidder 132 has not submitted a proposal 144for, if the bidder 132 clicks on the label associated with that project,the RFP website 104 displays a page 404 (shown in FIG. 4B) that enablesthe bidder 132 to review the RFP document 141 that the customer 128 hasprepared for that project. This page 404 is also referred to here as the“review RFP” page 404. The review RFP page 404 includes a button 406that the bidder 132 can click on to review the RFP document 141 that thecustomer 128 prepared for the project.

The review RFP page 404 also includes a “Start Proposal” button 408 thatthe bidder 132 can click on to start preparing a proposal to submit inresponse to the RFP when the bidder 132 is ready to do so.

When the bidder 132 clicks on the “Start Proposal” button 408, the RFPwebsite 104 displays a page 410 (shown in FIGS. 4C-4F) that the bidder132 can use to enter the bidder's staffing information 152. This page410 is also referred to here as the “resources” page 410. FIG. 4C showsthe upper portion of the resources page 410, and FIGS. D and F show thelower portion of the resources page 410.

As noted above, the RFP document 141 that the RFP website 104 generatedfor the project (from the customer's RFP information 142) will includeany expectations the customer 128 has specified regarding how theproject should be staffed and, possibly, a roster of preferred staffmembers.

In this example, the upper portion of the resources page 410 (as shownin FIG. 4C) includes a “Staffing Expectations” section 412 in which theroster of preferred staff members (if any) that the customer 128prepared for the project is displayed. The roster is displayed in a box414. The bidder 132 can scroll through the staffing resources listed inthe box 414.

In this example, the lower portion of the resources page 410 (as shownin FIG. 4D) includes a “Your Resources” section 416 that the bidder 132uses to enter information about the people the bidder 132 will includein the bidder's proposal 144.

The “Your Resources” section 416 includes an “Add Resource” button 418that the bidder 132 can click on in order to enter information about aperson that the bidder 132 will be including in the bidder's proposal144. When the bidder 132 clicks on the “Add Resource” button 418, theRFP website 104 displays an overlay 420 (shown in FIG. 4E) that includesuser interface elements for entering the person's name, the firm orother entity the person is affiliated with, the person's experiencelevel, the person's standard billing rate, the jurisdictions in whichthe person is licensed, and the person's areas of expertise.

After the bidder 132 enters this information using the overlay 420 andsaves it, the “Your Resources” section 416 of the resources page 410 isupdated to reflect the added person. FIG. 4F shows the “Your Resources”section 416 of the resources page 410 after some people that the bidder132 will include in its proposal 144 have been added.

The lower portion of the resources page 410 also includes a “Save &Continue” button 422 that the bidder 132 can click on when the bidder132 is done entering its staffing information 152. Clicking on button422 causes the RFP website 104 to save in the database 162 the staffinginformation 152 the bidder 132 has entered and causes the RFP website104 to move on to the entering of financial proposal information 154 forthe bidder's proposal 144.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 424(shown in FIGS. 4G-4L) that the bidder 132 can use to enter itsfinancial proposal information 154. This page 424 is also referred tohere as the “financial proposal” page 424.

In this example, the project is organized as a set of matters, whereeach matter has one or more phases. The RFP website 104 is configured todisplay, in the financial proposal page 424, a separate section 426 foreach matter included in the project. These sections 426 are alsoreferred to here as “matter sections” 426.

Also, the RFP website 104 is configured to display, in each mattersection 426, a separate sub-section 428 for each phase of the associatedmatter. These sub-sections 428 are also referred to here as “phasesub-sections” 428.

The bidder 132 can use the financial proposal page 424 to enter a set ofline items 430 in each phase sub-section 428. Each line item 430 is usedto specify how a fee total for that line item 430 is to be calculated.

Each phase sub-section 428 includes a respective “Add Resource” button432 that the bidder 132 can click on in order to add a line item 430 tothe associated phase sub-section 428.

FIG. 4G shows a first portion of the financial proposal page 424 beforeany line items 430 have been added. When the bidder 132 clicks on the“Add Resource” button 432 associated with the “Due Diligence/FactGathering” phase of the “Stock Acquisition” matter, a resource line item430 is added to the phase sub-section 428 associated with the “DueDiligence/Fact Gathering” phase. Each line item 430 includes a drop-downlist 434 that the bidder 132 can use to scroll through the list ofpeople that the bidder 132 added via the resources page 410 and selectone for that line item 430. As noted above, each staffing resource thatthe bidder 132 added via the resources page 410 has an associatedstandard billing rate. The standard billing rate for the person(staffing resource) that was selected by the bidder 132 is shown in theline item 430. Each line item 430 also includes a drop-down list 436that the bidder 132 can use to scroll through a list of “billing methodentities.” Each line item 430 also includes a text field 438 in whichthe bidder 132 enters an estimated number hours that are to be used forthat line item 430. Each line item 430 also includes an associated feetotal field 440 in which the fee total for that line item 430 isdisplayed.

A “billing method entity” is associated with a particular type ofbilling method and with a set of line items 430. The set of line items430 that are associated with a given billing method entity can includeline items 430 from one or more phases or one or more matters. A“billing method” specifies how the fee total for each associated lineitem 430 is to be computed.

In this example, there are four basic billing methods that can beapplied to individual line items 430—standard hourly, discounted/premiumhourly, blended hourly, and fixed fee.

The standard hourly billing method computes the fee total for eachassociated line item 430 by simply multiplying the standard billing ratefor each line item 430 by the estimated number of hours for that lineitem 430 and uses the result as the fee total for that line item 430.The result of applying the standard hourly billing method to a givenline item 430 is also referred to here as the “standard fee” for thatitem 430.

In this example, a single billing method entity that specifies thestandard hourly billing method is provided by default and the bidder 132is not able to edit or delete that entity.

The discounted/premium hourly billing method computes the fee total foreach associated line item 430 by first computing the standard fee forthat item 430 as described above in connection with the standard hourlybilling method and then multiplying the resulting standard fee by apercentage. The result is then used as the fee total for the associatedline item 430.

Each billing method entity that specifies the discounted/premium billingmethod has an associated percentage that must be specified. If theassociated percentage is less than 1, then that billing method entity isapplying a discount to the standard fee. If the associated percentage isgreater than 1, then that billing method entity is applying a premium tothe standard fee.

In this example, whenever the bidder 132 creates a new billing methodentity that uses the discounted/premium hourly billing method or editsan existing billing method entity that uses the discounted/premiumhourly billing method, the bidder 132 must specify the percentage thatis to be applied to the associated set of line items 430.

The blended hourly rate billing method computes the fee total for eachassociated line item 430 by multiplying a specified “blended” billingrate by the estimated number of hours for that line item 430 and usesthe result as the fee total for that line item 430. That is, with theblended hourly rate billing method, a single blended hourly rate isapplied to all of the associated line items 430, instead of using therespective individual standard billing rate that is specified for eachof the associated line items 430.

Each billing method entity that specifies the blended hourly ratebilling method has an associated blended billing rate that must bespecified. In this example, whenever the bidder 132 creates a newbilling method entity that uses the blended hourly rate billing methodor edits an existing billing method entity that uses the blended hourlyrate billing method, the bidder 132 must specify the blended rate thatis to be applied to the associated set of line items 430.

With the fixed fee billing method, the total fee that is to be used forall of the associated line items 430 is a specified fixed amount(referred to here as the “fixed fee”). In this example, for the purposesof the financial proposal page 424, a portion of the specified fixed feeamount is allocated to each associated line item 430 by calculating thestandard fee for each item and then allocating the fixed fee amount tothe associated line items 430 on a pro rata basis using the standardfee. Doing this ensures that the various totals and sub-totals that aredisplayed in the financial proposal page 424 will add up properly.

Each billing method entity that specifies the fixed fee billing methodhas an associated fixed fee that must be specified. In this example,whenever the bidder 132 creates a new billing method entity that usesthe fixed fee billing method or edits an existing billing method entitythat uses the fixed fee billing method, the bidder 132 must specify thefixed fee that is to be applied to the associated set of line items 430.

In addition to billing rating attributes, each billing method has anassociated name, label, or other identifier that can be used todistinguish between billing method entities that have the same billingrelated attributes. For example, a bidder 132 may wish to createmultiple fixed-fee billing “traunches”, with each traunch being appliedto a different set of line items. In this case, multiple billing methodentities would be created having the same fixed-fee attributes (that is,the same fixed-fee dollar amount), where each billing method entitywould be assigned a different name in order for the bidder 132 todistinguish between the entities and apply them to different sets ofline items.

If the bidder 132 edits an existing billing method entity, the RFPwebsite 104 automatically updates all of the line items 430 that areassociated with that billing method entity. For example, if a particularbilling method entity first specifies applying the discount/premiumbilling method using a discount percentage of 20% and thereafter thebidder 132 edits that billing method entity to change the discountpercentage to 25% (for example, to make its financial proposal 154 morecompetitive), the RFP website 104 will automatically update all of theline items 430 that are associated with that billing method entity toreflect the new discount percentage of 25% and re-calculate theassociated phase, matter, and project totals.

By using such billing method entities, the bidder 132 can use thefinancial proposal page 424 to assemble a complex financial proposal 154that applies multiple billing methods across various groups of lineitems 430. Also, the use of such billing method entities enables bidders132 to easily update their financial proposals 154 (for example, to maketheir financial proposals 154 more competitive during the RFP process).

FIG. 4H shows how a line item 430 is added to the “Due Diligence/FactGathering” phase sub-section 428 of the “Stock Acquisition” mattersection 426 after the bidder 132 clicks on the “Add Resource” button 432associated with that phase sub-section 428. FIG. 4I shows the same lineitem 430 after the bidder 132 has selected “Joe Junior” for that lineitem 430, entered estimated 10 hours, and selected a billing methodentity of “Standard Hourly.”

Each phase sub-section 428 has associated phase totals 442 for thenumber of hours worked in that phase and the fees associated with thatphase. Likewise, each matter section 426 has associated matter totals444 for the number of hours worked in that matter and the feesassociated with that matter.

FIGS. 4J-4L show the rest of one example of the financial proposal page424. FIG. 4J shows the financial proposal page 424 starting from the“Negotiation of, and Revision and Responses to Documentation” phase ofthe “Stock Acquisition” matter (which is also shown at the bottom ofFIG. 4I) through the “Initial Preparation of Documentation” phase of the“Credit Facility” matter. FIG. 4K shows the financial proposal page 424starting from the “Initial Preparation of Documentation” phase of the“Credit Facility” matter (which is also shown at the bottom of FIG. 4J)through the “Contingency/Success Fees” sub-section 448 (described below)of the “Project Section” section 446 (described below). FIG. 4L showsthe financial proposal page 424 starting from the “Completion or Closingand Related Implementation Task” phase of the “Credit Facility” matter(which is also shown in FIG. 4K) through the end of the financialproposal page 424.

As shown in FIG. 4L, the financial proposal page 424 also includes a“Project” section 446. The “Project” section 446 includes a“Contingency/Success Fees” sub-section 448 in which the bidder 132 canspecify any contingency or success fees that apply to any phase, matter,or the project as a whole. The “Contingency/Success Fees” sub-section448 includes an “Add Line Item” button 450 that the bidder 132 can clickon in order to add a line item to that sub-section 448 that providesinformation about a contingency or success fee. When the bidder 132clicks on the “Add Line Item” button 450, an overlay (not shown) isdisplayed in which the bidder 132 can enter an amount for thecontingency or success fee, a name for the contingency or success fee,and a description of the contingency or success fee (for example, adescription of the triggering events, a description of how the fee iscalculated, and/or an estimate of how much the fee could be).

The “Project” section 446 also includes an “Estimated Expenses”sub-section 452 in which the bidder 132 can specify any expenses thatare estimated for any phase, matter, or the project as a whole. The“Estimated Expenses” sub-section 452 includes an “Add Line Item” button454 that the bidder 132 can click on in order to add a line item to thatsub-section 452 that specifies information about an estimated expense.When the bidder 132 clicks on the “Add Line Item” button 454, an overlay(not shown) is displayed in which the bidder 132 can enter an amount forthe estimated expense, a name for the estimated expense, and adescription of the estimated expense (for example, a description of anytriggering event for the expense to be incurred, a description of howthe expense is calculated, and/or an estimate of how much the expensecould be).

The “Project” section 446 also includes a “Project Fee Cap” sub-section456 in which the bidder 132 can specify any fee cap that applies to anyphase, matter, or the project as a whole. The “Project Fee Cap”sub-section 456 includes an “Add Line Item” button 458 that the bidder132 can click on in order to add a line item to that sub-section 456that specifies information about a fee cap. When the bidder 132 clickson the “Add Line Item” button 458, an overlay (not shown) is displayedin which the bidder 132 can enter an amount for the project fee cap, aname for the project fee cap, and a description of the project fee cap(for example, a description of any triggering event for the project feecap and/or a description of how the project fee cap is calculated).

The bidder 132 can add a note to any line item displayed on thefinancial proposal page 424 by clicking on an “Add/Edit Note” buttonassociated with the line item.

The billing method entities described above can be used to create afinancial proposal 154 that implements many different kinds of feeschemes.

One example is a stepped fee structure in which the bidder 132 increasesor decreases the rates it charges for some or all of its staff membersafter certain milestones occur (normally after a certain number of hourshave been worked). For example, where a bidder 132 wishes to apply areduced fee (discount) after a person has worked 100 hours on a givenphase of the project, the bidder 132 can include two separate line itemsfor that person for that phase. The first line item would be for thefirst 100 hours that person works and would use the standard hourly ratebilling entity. The second line item would be for all hours worked bythat person over the first 100 and would apply a billing entity thatspecifies an appropriate discounted billing method.

Another example is a contingency fee structure in which the bidder 132would charge nothing or a nominal amount for its services unless aspecific result is achieved. If the specific result is achieved thebidder 132 would then be paid for its services, typically at an amountwhich would be a premium to what it would have been paid if it hadcharged its standard hourly rates. In this case, any of the followingbilling method entities could be created and applied across the lineitems for the relevant matter or project—100% Discounted Hourly Rate, $0Blended Hourly Rate, $0 Fixed Fee. Then, a line item would be added tothe “Contingency/Success Fees” sub-section 448, and a note would beadded to that line item explaining to which matter or the entire projectthe contingency fee line item applied.

Another example is a success fee structure in which the bidder 132 wouldcharge for its services (often at some discount to its standard hourlyrates) and would also receive an additional fee if a specific result isachieved. In this case, the standard hourly billing entity or anappropriate discounted hourly billing entity would be applied to theindividual line items of the applicable matter or the entire project.Then, a line item would be added to the “Contingency/Success Fees”sub-section 448, and a note would be added to that line item explainingto which phase, matter, or the entire project the success fee line itemapplied

Another example is a retainer fee structure in which the bidder 132would receive a fixed fee prior to the performance of services withinpre-defined parameters. Typically this fee arrangement is associatedwith particular matters or an entire project that are consultory innature (as opposed to a transaction or dispute). A fixed fee billingmethod entity would be created and applied to all the line items in theapplicable matter or the entire project. In the add/edit notes sectionfor the matter or project, a note would be included that indicates thatthe fixed fee is to be paid as a retainer and would indicate any specialconditions for the retainer (for example, if hours more than estimatedare worked the customer 128 would begin to pay using the bidder'sstandard hourly rates, etc.).

Another example is a fee cap structure in which the bidder 132 agrees tocap the fees it can receive for a particular phase, matter or an entireproject. In this case, as noted above, a fee cap line item would beadded to the “Project Fee Cap” sub-section 456, and a note would beadded to that line item explaining to which phase, matter, or the entireproject the fee cap line item applied.

As shown in FIG. 4L, the lower portion of the financial proposal page424 also includes a “Save & Continue” button 460 that the bidder 132 canclick on when the bidder 132 is done entering its financial proposal154. Clicking on button 460 causes the RFP website 104 to save thebidder's financial proposal 154 in the database 162 and causes the RFPwebsite 104 to move on to responding to the questions 147 that thecustomer 128 has included in the RFP.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 462(shown in FIGS. 4M-4N) that the bidder 132 can use to enter itsresponses 156 to the questions 147 the customer 128 included in the RFP.This page 462 is also referred to here as the “questions” page 462. FIG.4M shows the upper portion of the questions page 462, and FIG. 4N showsthe lower portion of the questions page 462.

The questions page 462 includes a separate section 464 for each question147 included in the RFP. Each section 464 presents the question orinformation request that is being asked or made by the customer 128.Each section 464 includes a text box 466. Each text box 466 has anassociated button 468 that the bidder 132 can click on in order to entera response to the question 147 in the text box 466, in which case thelabel associated with the button 468 changes from “Edit Response” to“Save Changes”. After the bidder 132 is done entering a response, thebidder 132 can click on the button 468 to save the response.

As shown in FIG. 4N, the lower portion of the questions page 462 alsoincludes a “Save & Continue” button 470 that the bidder 132 can click onwhen the bidder 132 is done entering its responses 156 to the customer'squestions 147. Clicking on button 470 causes the RFP website 104 to savethe bidder's responses 156 in the database 162 and causes the RFPwebsite 104 to generate the proposal document 143 from the bidder'sproposal information 144 and move on to a page where the bidder 132 canreview the generated proposal document 143.

In this example, the RFP website 104 is configured to display a page 472(shown in FIG. 4O) that the bidder 132 can use to review the proposaldocument 143 that is generated for the project from the bidder's currentproposal information 144 and to submit the bidder's proposal to thecustomer 128. This page 472 is also referred to here as the “review andsubmit” page 472.

As shown in FIG. 4O, the review and submit page 472 includes a button474 that the bidder 132 can click on in order to display the proposaldocument 143 that has been generated from the bidder's current proposalinformation 144. If after reviewing the proposal document 143, thebidder 132 wishes to change some of its proposal information 144, thebidder 132 can return to the appropriate page and edit that proposalinformation 144. Then, the bidder 132 can save the updated proposalinformation 144 (for example, by clicking the appropriate “Save &Continue” button), after which the RFP website 104 will generate anupdated proposal document 143 that reflects the bidder's updatedproposal information 144. The bidder 132 can then return to the reviewand submit page 472 to review the updated proposal document 143 andfurther edit any proposal information 144. Also, in someimplementations, the particular set of comparative metrics that thecustomer 128 has selected for its viewing and/or for the viewing of theother bidders 132 is also generated from the bidder's 132 currentproposal information 144 and one or more pages (not shown) are providedfor the bidder 132 to review the selected comparative metrics in thesame summary or dashboard view that the customer 128 and/or the otherbidders' 132 will view them in.

The various pages described here in connection with FIGS. 4A-4O includea navigation section 476 that includes a respective tab for each of thepages described above in connection with FIGS. 4A-4O. The bidder 132 cancause the RFP website 104 to display a particular page by clicking onthe appropriate tab in the navigation section 476.

The review and submit page 472 also includes a “Submit Proposal” button478. When the bidder 132 has finished reviewing its proposal document143 and revising its proposal information 144 for the RFP, the bidder132 can click on the “Submit Proposal” button 478 in order to submit itsproposal 144 for the RFP to the customer 128.

In the exemplary embodiment described above in connection with FIGS.3A-3Q and 4A-4O, several of the pages make use of a combined “Save &Continue” button. It is to be understood however that the function ofsaving and the function of continuing can be assigned, respectively, toa separate “Save” button and a separate “Continue” button.

One exemplary embodiment has been described above in connection withFIGS. 1, 2A-2B, 3A-3Q, and 4A-4O. It is to be understood, however, thatother embodiments can be implemented in other ways. For example, in someembodiments, the RFP website 104 is configured to enable the customer128 to define a respective finite set of proper responses for at leastsome of the questions, information requests, or other elements thecustomer 128 is requesting be answered or provided as a part of bidder'sproposal 144.

These questions, requests, or other elements are referred to here as“constrained questions.” The RFP website 104 is also configured toenable the customer 128 to specify for each constrained question apermissible number of the possible valid responses that a bidder 132 mayselect in response to that constrained question (for example, only asingle item or one or more items). The RFP website 104 is configured toenable the customer 128 to optionally identify one or more of the finiteset of proper responses as “preferred” responses to the associatedconstrained question. The customer 128 can also optionally specify thatthe bidder 132, upon selecting a response other than one of thepreferred responses, be presented with a text field into which a bidder132 enters (and from which the RFP website 104 receives) “free form”text that may also provide details or an explanation about why apreferred response was not selected. The RFP website 104 also may beconfigured to include, or to enable the customer 128 to optionallyinclude, as one of the finite set of proper responses an “other” or “notapplicable” response. The customer 128 can also optionally specify thatthe bidder 132, upon selecting “other” or “not applicable” as a responseto a constrained question, be presented with a text field into which abidder 132 enters (and from which the RFP website 104 receives) freeform text that may also provide details or an explanation about why the“other” or “not applicable” response was selected. By forcing (or atleast encouraging) bidders 132 to provide proper or preferred responses(or a proper number of responses) to constrained questions, it should beeasier to perform an “apples-to-apples” comparison of responses toconstrained questions from different bidders 132.

Moreover, the RFP website 104 can be configured to enable the customer128 to specify whether a given information request or element of the feeproposal spreadsheet framework 146 must be responded to by each bidder132 (referred to here as “mandatory questions”) or whether theinformation request or element is optional and need not be responded toby each bidder 132 (referred to here as “optional questions”). The RFPwebsite 104 can be configured to prevent a bidder 132 from submitting aproposal in response to an RFP unless all of the mandatory questionshave been responded to. The RFP website 104 can be configured to permita bidder 132 to submit a proposal in response to an RFP even if someoptional questions have not been responded to.

Furthermore, the RFP website 104 can be extended or modified to functionas a project tracking tool. For example, in one usage scenario, a bidderuses the RFP website to prepare a financial proposal of the typedescribed above. The pages used for entering the financial proposal canbe extended to include additional fields or columns to show “actual”numbers for each of the line items specified in the financial proposalas well as actual numbers for the phase, matter, and project totals.That is, for each line item in the financial proposal, a correspondingactual number of hours worked by the associated resource and/or theactual fees billed for that line item can be captured and displayed forthe bidder to track the bidder's performance in performing work on theproject. Actual numbers for the phase, matter, and project totals can becalculated from the actual numbers for the line items. Actual numbersfor expenses, contingency/success fees, and project caps can also becaptured and displayed using the website.

This “actual” data can be captured electronically (for example, byimporting billing data directly from the service provider's billingsoftware) and/or can be manually entered (for example, by making such“actual” data fields editable).

With such a modified system, the website can be used solely as a projecttracking tool by a service provider, in which case the website would notbe used for managing an RFP process, but solely for the serviceprovider's benefit as a project tracking tool.

The summary table used to display comparative metrics from each bidder132 can be implemented in many ways. For example, in one implementationsuch a summary table comprises a column for each service provider andthe rows specify a particular comparative metric or answer to aconstrained or unconstrained question. For each constrained questionwhere only one of the finite set of possible valid responses specifiedfor that question can be selected by a bidder 132, the selected responsefor each bidder 132 can be displayed in a single row that is associatedwith that question under the that bidder's column.

Such an approach can also be used where more than one of the finite setof possible valid responses specified for that question can be selectedby a bidder 132, in which case all of the selected responses can bedisplayed in a single row associated with that question.

Alternatively, for each constrained question, a separate row can beincluded in the summary table for each of the possible valid responsesthat is associated with that constrained question, in which whether eachbidder 132 has selected each particular response can be indicated byinserting an “X” (or “Yes” or “No”) into the separate row associatedwith that response under that bidder's column.

Also, for each unconstrained question, the free form text entered byeach bidder 132 can be displayed in a single row that is associated withthat unconstrained question under that bidder's column. The summarytable that is generated for the customer 128 to view is also referred tohere as the “customer's summary table” or “customer's dashboard”, andthe summary table that is generated for the bidders 132 to view is alsoreferred to here as the “bidders' summary table” or “bidder'sdashboard”. As noted above, the customer's summary table or dashboardcan, and will likely, be different from the bidder's summary table ordashboard.

Embodiments of the system 100 described above may have one or more ofthe following advantages over manual RFP-management processes. Becausethe bidders 132 prepare their proposals 144 using the RFP website 104,the RFP website 104 is able to control the format of each bidder'sproposal 144 and should therefore be able to present the proposals 144to the customer 128 in a more unified manner. Because all the proposals144 are gathered into the centralized database 162, a wide range ofcomparative metrics can be compared among the different proposals 144automatically by the customer 128. This enables faster and more in-depthcomparative analysis of the proposals 144. Also, manual RFP-managementprocesses typically provide no centralized mechanism for questions to beasked and answered about the RFP. In many instances a question asked byone bidder 132 would benefit the process if it could be answered for allbidders 132. As noted above, embodiments of the RFP website 104described above provide such a mechanism for bidders 132 to askquestions and the customer 128 to answer the questions for one or moreof the bidders 132 in a convenient and centralized manner. Moreover, byproviding real-time information on the status of, and comparativemetrics relating to, competing proposals 144, the RFP website 104provides additional incentives for the bidders 132 to update theirproposals 144 with more competitive terms.

The methods and techniques described here may be implemented in digitalelectronic circuitry, or with a programmable processor (for example, aspecial-purpose processor or a general-purpose processor such as acomputer) firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Apparatusembodying these techniques may include appropriate input and outputdevices, a programmable processor, and a storage medium tangiblyembodying program instructions for execution by the programmableprocessor. A process embodying these techniques may be performed by aprogrammable processor executing a program of instructions to performdesired functions by operating on input data and generating appropriateoutput. The techniques may advantageously be implemented in one or moreprograms that are executable on a programmable system including at leastone programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructionsfrom, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system,at least one input device, and at least one output device. Generally, aprocessor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memoryand/or a random access memory. Storage devices suitable for tangiblyembodying computer program instructions and data include all forms ofnon-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memorydevices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic diskssuch as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks;and DVD disks. Any of the foregoing may be supplemented by, orincorporated in, specially-designed application-specific integratedcircuits (ASICs).

A number of embodiments of the invention defined by the following claimshave been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that variousmodifications to the described embodiments may be made without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the claimed invention. Accordingly, otherembodiments are within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method of performingonline competitive bidding by a plurality of bidders that bid to provideprofessional services to a customer, the method performed using at leastone server hosting an online competitive bidding system and at least onebidder client device used by at least one bidder, the method comprising:transmitting, from said server to said bidder client device, one or morefinancial proposal pages operable to cause said bidder client device todisplay on a display device associated with said bidder client device, abidder user interface for the online competitive bidding system, whereinthe bidder user interface is configured to cause said bidder clientdevice to receive information for a set of line items for a financialproposal of a project proposal for said bidder to provide theprofessional services to the customer; and receiving, at the server, theproject proposal for said bidder to provide the professional services tothe customer; wherein each line item is associated with a resource, astandard billing rate, a time estimate, a billing method entity, and acost estimate; wherein each billing method entity is associated with abilling method that is used for calculating the respective cost estimatefor each line item associated with that billing method entity; whereinthe bidder user interface is configured to enable said bidder to specifymultiple billing method entities for the financial proposal using thebidder user interface; wherein the bidder user interface causes saidbidder client device to receive the information for the set of lineitems for the financial proposal of the project proposal of said bidderreceived; wherein the bidder user interface causes said bidder clientdevice to receive a change to an attribute associated with a firstbilling method entity specified for at least one of the line itemsreceived via the bidder user interface; wherein the financial proposalis updated so that the cost estimate for each line item associated withthe first billing method entity is automatically updated to reflect thechange to the attribute; and wherein the bidder user interface causessaid bidder client device to display the updated cost estimate for eachline item associated with the first billing method entity.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the bidder user interface is configured to display arespective user interface element for each line item via said bidderclient device receives information about the resource selected for thatline item, the time estimate for that line item, and the billing methodentity selected for that line item.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe bidder user interface is configured to display a user interfaceelement via which said bidder client device receives the change to theattribute associated with the first billing method.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the bidder user interface is configured to: receive,for each line item of the financial proposal, information about actualtime or actual costs associated with the associated resource performingan associated service; and display, for each line item of the financialproposal, information about the actual time or the actual costsassociated with the specified resource providing the associated service.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the server comprises a plurality ofservers.
 6. An online competitive bidding system for performing onlinecompetitive bidding by a plurality of bidders that bid to provideprofessional services to a customer, the system comprising: at least oneprogrammable processor to execute software; at least one networkinterface to communicatively couple the system, using a communicationnetwork, to at least one bidder client device used by at least onebidder; wherein the system is coupled to at least one storage device tostore information related to the online competitive bidding; and whereinthe software, when executed by the programmable processor, is operableto cause the system to: transmit, to said bidder client device, one ormore pages operable to cause said bidder client device to display on adisplay device associated with said bidder client device, a bidder userinterface for the online competitive bidding system, wherein the bidderuser interface is configured to cause said bidder client device toreceive information for a set of line items for a financial proposal ofa project proposal for said bidder to provide the professional servicesto the customer; and receive the project proposal for said bidder toprovide the professional services to the customer; wherein each lineitem is associated with a resource, a standard billing rate, a timeestimate, a billing method entity, and a cost estimate; wherein eachbilling method entity is associated with a billing method that is usedfor calculating the respective cost estimate for each line itemassociated with that billing method entity; wherein the bidder userinterface is configured to enable said bidder to specify multiplebilling method entities for the financial proposal using the bidder userinterface; wherein the bidder user interface causes said bidder clientdevice to receive the information for the set of line items for thefinancial proposal of the project proposal of said bidder received;wherein the bidder user interface causes said bidder client device toreceive a change to an attribute associated with a first billing methodentity specified for at least one of the line items received via thebidder user interface; wherein the financial proposal is updated so thatthe cost estimate for each line item associated with the first billingmethod entity is automatically updated to reflect the change to theattribute; and wherein the bidder user interface causes said bidderclient device to display the updated cost estimate for each line itemassociated with the first billing method entity.
 7. The system of claim6, wherein the bidder user interface is configured to display arespective user interface element for each line item via said bidderclient device receives information about the resource selected for thatline item, the time estimate for that line item, and the billing methodentity selected for that line item.
 8. The system of claim 6, whereinthe bidder user interface is configured to display a user interfaceelement via which said bidder client device receives the change to theattribute associated with the first billing method.
 9. The system ofclaim 6, wherein the bidder user interface is configured to: receive,for each line item of the financial proposal, information about actualtime or actual costs associated with the associated resource performingan associated service; and display, for each line item of the financialproposal, information about the actual time or the actual costsassociated with the specified resource providing the associated service.10. The system of claim 6, wherein the system comprises a plurality ofprogrammable processors.